Volkswagen ID.3: Wheels, tyres. axle align. Fitting tyre

Volkswagen ID.3 (E11, E12) 2020-2024 Service Manual / Running gear / Wheels and Tyres Guide – General Information / Wheels, tyres. axle align. Fitting tyre

Pressing tyre off wheel rim
Removing tyre sealant
Removing tyres, wheels without and with tyre pressure monitoring
Removing tyres, run-flat tyres, ultra-high-performance tyres
Ensuring proper assembly temperature for tyres
Mounting tyre, wheels without and with tyre pressure monitoring
Mounting tyre, run-flat tyres, ultra-high performance tyres
Matching wheel rims and tyres
Checking radial and lateral runout of wheels and tyres, tolerances
Checking radial and lateral runout on wheels and tyres with tyre gauge
Match-mounting wheel and tyre
Conditions
Balancing wheel on stationary wheel balancer
Balancing wheel with finish balancer
Checking radial and lateral runout on wheel rim
Tyre sealant disposal

Pressing tyre off wheel rim

– Unscrew valve insert.

Note

♦ If bonded wheel trims are fitted, treat them with great care. The surface is susceptible to scratches.

♦ If the wheel trim is damaged, renew wheel rim.

– Fit bead breaker -1- opposite to tyre valve -arrow- and at a distance of less than 2 cm from the wheel flange.

– Remove balancing weights and dirt from wheel rim.

– Press both tyre beads off all round and liberally coat tyre and wheel rim flange with tyre assembly paste -arrow-.

Note

Avoid any severe braking and acceleration manoeuvres for the first 100 or 200 km driven. Otherwise, the tyres may turn on the wheel rim due to the tyre assembly paste.

Removing tyre sealant

– Place wheel on an even surface.

– Unscrew valve insert.

CAUTION

The tyre sealant is hazardous to the health.

May cause eye and skin irritation.

– Wear protective gloves.

– Wear safety goggles.

– Use a drill or mill to carefully drill a hole in shoulder area of tyre.

– Hold wheel over a suitable container, and drain sealant.

– Pull tyre from rim.

– Clean rim.

Removing tyres, wheels without and with tyre pressure monitoring

● If fitted, check tyre pressure sensor using vehicle diagnostic tester, and renew it as necessary.

Note

♦ The tyre pressure sensor (if fitted) must not come into contact with water or be blown upon with compressed air when the wheel rim is cleaned.

♦ If bonded wheel trims are fitted, treat them with great care. The surface is susceptible to scratches.

♦ If the wheel trim is damaged, renew wheel rim.

– Place wheel with tyre on a tyre fitting unit.

– Turn wheel, until tyre valve or tyre pressure sensor are positioned at least at 30° ahead of assembly head.

– Using assembly lever, lever upper tyre bead over assembly finger.

– Remove lever.

– Run tyre fitting unit clockwise until upper tyre bead is fitted completely over wheel rim flange.

– Turn wheel, until tyre valve or tyre pressure sensor are positioned at least at 30° ahead of assembly head.

– Using assembly lever, lever lower tyre bead over assembly finger.

– Use a plastic lever.

– Remove lever.

– Using plastic assembly lever -1- and working from outside, hold lower tyre bead over wheel flange, and run tyre fitting unit clockwise until tyre is completely pulled off wheel rim.

Note

♦ Check that the tyre pressure sensor is not loose or damaged. If a bolted connection is loose, replace union nut, valve core, gasket, sealing washer and valve cap with new parts from the repair kit → Electronic parts catalogue (ETKA).

♦ Remove tyre pressure sensor if damaged → Chapter.

Removing tyres, run-flat tyres, ultra-high-performance tyres

● Only trained personnel may perform any assembly work on run-flat tyres and ultra-high-performance tyres.

● If fitted, check tyre pressure sensor using vehicle diagnostic tester, and renew it as necessary.

Note

♦ The tyre pressure sensor must not come into contact with water or be blown upon with compressed air when the wheel rim is cleaned.

♦ If bonded wheel trims are fitted, treat them with great care. The surface is susceptible to scratches.

♦ If the wheel trim is damaged, renew wheel rim.

– Turn wheel, until tyre valve or tyre pressure sensor are positioned at least at 30° ahead of assembly head.

– Insert depressor -3- opposite to assembly head -1- on wheel rim.

– Using assembly lever, lever upper tyre bead over assembly finger.

– Remove lever.

– Run tyre fitting unit clockwise until upper tyre bead is fitted completely over wheel rim flange.

This action will push the depressor -1- up against the assembly head. This allows it to be removed easily.

– Turn wheel, until tyre valve or tyre pressure sensor are positioned at least at 30° ahead of assembly head.

– Lever tyre bead over assembly finger on assembly head using assembly lever -3-.

– Using assembly lever, lever lower tyre bead over assembly finger.

– Insert plastic assembly lever -4-.

– Remove assembly lever -3-.

– Using plastic assembly lever -1- and working from outside, hold lower tyre bead over wheel flange, and run tyre fitting unit clockwise until tyre is completely pulled off wheel rim.

Note

♦ Remove tyre pressure sensor if damaged → Chapter.

Ensuring proper assembly temperature for tyres

NOTICE

Risk of damage to the tyre bead when installing cold tyres.

– The minimum assembly temperature of 15°C to 30°C must be assured in the core of the tyre.

NOTICE

Risk of damage to tyres due to excessive heat.

– Heat tyres only with warm water or warm air (max. 50°C).

Warming cold tyres to minimum fitting temperature

Note

This instruction also applies to ultra-high performance tyres (aspect ratio less than or equal to 45 % and speed symbol V or higher).

● Store tyres at room temperature of at least +15°C before assembly.

● The minimum fitting temperature of a tyre must be between 15°C and 30°C in the core of the tyre.

● To install tyres without damage, it is especially important to warm the upper part of the sidewall and the inside of the upper bead to at least 15℃.

● This internal temperature is referred to as the core temperature.

● Rubber is a poor conductor of heat. Therefore, a cold tyre must be left in an area with the correct temperature for a sufficiently long period so the inner rubber layers can warm up to at least 15°C.

● The surface temperature of the tyre during the warming up phase is no indication of the internal temperature of the tyre.

● To enable cold tyres to absorb heat from the ambient air as quickly as possible, they should not be stacked on top of one another. Instead, the tyres should be stored individually in order to allow the warm air to “circulate” around them effectively.

● Tyres must never be placed in front of a radiator or hot air blower for warming, since this can very quickly lead to critical surface temperatures.

● Heating the tyres without damage can only be achieved by heating with warm water or warm air (max. 50°C).

● If cold tyres (below 0℃) are transferred to a warm environment (above 0℃), a layer of condensation immediately forms on the surface of the tyre. This layer of condensation indicates that the tyre is intensively absorbing heat from its environment through the process of water vapour in the air condensing out on the tyre surface.

● Once the layer of frost has thawed, condensate water forms. The condensation should be dried with a cloth so that the further warming process is not delayed due to a temperature drop caused by evaporation.

Warming times:

♦ Tyres with a temperature of above 0°C must be kept at least at 19℃ for at least 2 hours.

♦ Tyres with a temperature of below 0°C must be kept at least at 19℃ for at least 2.5 hours.

Warming recommendations:

♦ If possible, tyres should be stored in the workshop 1 day before they are fitted (order preparation).

♦ Store on an insulated base, pallet or on a similar surface raised from the floor.

♦ Position the tyres individually to allow the warm air to “circulate” around them effectively.

♦ Wipe off condensation

♦ Never heat with a radiator or hot air blower!

Mounting tyre, wheels without and with tyre pressure monitoring

Observe the legislative requirements for vehicles with Tyre Pressure Monitoring System from 01.11.2014 → Chapter.

● Only trained personnel may perform any assembly work on run-flat tyres.

● If fitted, check tyre pressure sensor using vehicle diagnostic tester, and renew it as necessary.

– Ensure that tyres are at assembly temperature. → Chapter

Note

♦ The tyre pressure sensor (if fitted) must not come into contact with water or be blown upon with compressed air when the wheel rim is cleaned.

♦ If bonded wheel trims are fitted, treat them with great care. The surface is susceptible to scratches.

♦ If the wheel trim is damaged, renew wheel rim.

– Clean rim.

– Insert new tyre valve using valve fitting tool -VAS 6459-.

– Liberally apply tyre assembly paste to wheel rim flanges, tyre beads and inner side of the upper tyre beads.

– Place tyres with inner side facing downwards onto wheel rim.

– Turn wheel rim, until tyre valve or tyre pressure sensor are positioned opposite to assembly head.

– Press tyre between tyre valve with tyre pressure sensor and assembly head in -direction of arrow- into drop centre.

– Run tyre fitting unit clockwise until assembly head is positioned before tyre valve or tyre pressure sensor. The lower tyre bead will now slide over the wheel flange.

– Turn wheel rim, until tyre valve or tyre pressure sensor are positioned opposite to assembly head.

– Run tyre fitting unit clockwise until assembly head is positioned before tyre valve or tyre pressure sensor. The upper tyre bead will now slide over the wheel flange.

CAUTION

High bead seating pressure when tyres are inflated.

Risk of injury from tyre/wheel chippings.

– Wear safety goggles.

– Set the bead seating pressure to 3.3 bar max.

NOTICE

Risk of damage to wheel rim and tyre due to excessive bead seating pressure.

– Set the bead seating pressure to 3.3 bar max.

– Fill tyres to a maximum tyre pressure of 3.3 bar (bead seating pressure).

– When the tyre bead does not lie completely against the wheel rim flange: deflate the tyre, press tyre bead off wheel rim flange and generously coat again with tyre assembly paste.

– If the tyre beads are seated perfectly against the shoulder of the wheel rim, increase pressure to 4 bar.

– If the tyre beads are not completely seated against the shoulder of the wheel rim, press off tyre → Chapter, and install it again.

– Screw in valve insert.

– Inflate tyre until specified tyre pressure is attained.

– Balance wheel → Chapter.

Note

Avoid any severe braking and acceleration manoeuvres for the first 100 or 200 km driven. Otherwise, the tyres may turn on the wheel rim due to the tyre assembly paste.

Mounting tyre, run-flat tyres, ultra-high performance tyres

Observe the legislative requirements for vehicles with Tyre Pressure Monitoring System from 01.11.2014 → Chapter.

● Only trained personnel may perform any assembly work on run-flat tyres and ultra-high-performance tyres.

● If fitted, check tyre pressure sensor using vehicle diagnostic tester, and renew it as necessary.

– Ensure that tyres are at assembly temperature. → Chapter

Note

♦ If bonded wheel trims are fitted, treat them with great care. The surface is susceptible to scratches.

♦ If the wheel trim is damaged, renew wheel rim.

– Clean rim.

– Insert new tyre valve using valve fitting tool -VAS 6459-.

– Liberally apply tyre assembly paste to wheel rim flanges, tyre beads and inner side of the upper tyre beads.

– Place tyres with inner side facing downwards onto wheel rim.

– Turn wheel rim, until tyre valve or tyre pressure sensor are positioned opposite to assembly head.

– Run tyre fitting unit clockwise until assembly head is positioned before tyre valve or tyre pressure sensor -arrow-. The lower tyre bead will now slide over the wheel flange.

– Turn wheel rim, until tyre valve or tyre pressure sensor -1- are positioned opposite to assembly head -2-.

– Insert depressor -3- on the wheel rim.

– Run tyre fitting unit clockwise until assembly head is positioned before tyre valve or tyre pressure sensor. The upper tyre bead will now slide over the wheel flange.

– Remove depressor from wheel rim flange.

CAUTION

High bead seating pressure when tyres are inflated.

Risk of injury from tyre/wheel chippings.

– Wear safety goggles.

– Set the bead seating pressure to 3.3 bar max.

NOTICE

Risk of damage to wheel rim and tyre due to excessive bead seating pressure.

– Set the bead seating pressure to 3.3 bar max.

– Fill tyres to a maximum tyre pressure of 3.3 bar (bead seating pressure).

– When the tyre bead does not lie completely against the wheel rim flange: deflate the tyre, press tyre bead off wheel rim flange and generously coat again with tyre assembly paste.

– If the tyre beads are seated perfectly against the shoulder of the wheel rim, increase pressure to 4 bar.

– If the tyre beads are not completely seated against the shoulder of the wheel rim, press off tyre → Chapter, and install it again.

– Screw in valve insert.

– Inflate tyre until specified tyre pressure is attained.

– Balance wheel → Chapter.

Note

Avoid any severe braking and acceleration manoeuvres for the first 100 or 200 km driven. Otherwise, the tyres may turn on the wheel rim due to the tyre assembly paste.

Matching wheel rims and tyres

– If necessary, eliminate flat spots caused by storage or handling → Chapter.

– Press tyre off wheel rim → Chapter.

– Rotate tyre by 180° relative to wheel rim.

– Inflate tyre to 4 bar.

– Attach the wheel (together with tyre) to the wheel balancing machine.

– Check radial and lateral run-out of wheel/tyre → Chapter.

– If radial and lateral run out are within specifications, balance the wheel to 0 g → Anchor.

– If radial and lateral run out are not within specifications, match wheel rim and tyre again, and turn tyre by 90° on wheel rim.

– Check radial and lateral run-out of wheel/tyre again → Chapter.

– If radial and lateral run out are within specifications, balance the wheel to 0 g → Anchor.

– If radial and lateral run out are not within specifications, match wheel rim and tyre again, and turn tyre by 180° on wheel rim.

– Check radial and lateral run-out of wheel/tyre again → Chapter.

– If radial and lateral run out are within specifications, balance the wheel to 0 g → Anchor.

– If radial and lateral run out are not within specifications, check radial and lateral run out on wheel rim → Chapter.

– If radial and lateral run out are within specifications, renew tyre.

Checking radial and lateral runout of wheels and tyres, tolerances

Radial and lateral runout occur when the wheel and tyre do not run absolutely true.

For technical reasons, 100% true running is not possible.

Therefore, the manufacturers of these components allow a precisely determined tolerance.

Aligning the tyre in an unfavourable position on the wheel can cause the maximum allowed tolerance for wheel with tyre to be exceeded.

Refer to the following table for the maximum allowed tolerance for a wheel with a tyre.

Tolerances for radial and lateral runout of rim with tyreWheel with tyreRadial runout (mm)Lateral runout (mm)Passenger vehicles0.91.1
(1.3 in vicinity of lettering)

Checking radial and lateral runout on wheels and tyres with tyre gauge

Checking lateral run-out

– Preload tyre gauge approx. 2 mm.

– Fit tyre gauge to side wall of tyre.

– Turn wheel slowly.

– Make a note of the smallest and largest deflection of the indicator needle.

Note

If the difference is greater than 1.3 mm, the lateral runout is too great.

The lateral runout can be reduced by match-mounting the tyre → Chapter.

Extreme deflections of the tyre gauge's pointer needle due to small irregularities in the rubber may be disregarded.

Checking radial runout

– Preload tyre gauge approx. 2 mm.

– Fit tyre gauge to running surface of tyre.

– Turn wheel slowly.

– Make a note of the smallest and largest deflection of the indicator needle.

Note

If the difference is greater than 1 mm, the radial runout is too great.

The radial runout can be reduced by match-mounting the tyre → Chapter.

Match-mounting wheel and tyre

General information

When radial or lateral runout of the wheel and tyre coincide, the imbalance of the wheel is amplified by the tyre.

For technical reasons, 100% true running is not possible → Chapter.

Procedure for match-mounting

– Run the tyre warm. This will eliminate flat spots if there are any → Chapter.

– Let air out of tyre.

– Press tyre beads off wheel rim flanges.

– Apply tyre assembly paste all around the tyre beads.

– Rotate tyre by 180° relative to wheel rim.

– Inflate tyre to approx. 4 bar.

– Attach the wheel (together with tyre) to the wheel balancing machine.

– Check wheel for true running and for radial and lateral runout .

Note

♦ If the specified values for radial and lateral runout are not exceeded, the wheel can be balanced to 0 g. Specified values appear on → Anchor.

♦ If the radial and lateral runout is not within the specifications, the tyre must be rotated again.

– Let air out and press tyre beads off the wheel rim flanges.

– Rotate tyre by 90° relative to wheel (quarter of a turn).

– Inflate tyre again to 4 bar and check true running.

Note

♦ If the specified values for radial and lateral runout are not exceeded, the wheel can be balanced to 0 g.

♦ If the radial and lateral runout are not within the specified values, the tyre must be rotated again.

– Press tyre off wheel rim flange again as described above.

– Rotate tyre by 180° relative to wheel rim (half a rotation).

If the radial and/or lateral runout are still not within the specified values, check the wheel for radial and/or lateral runout → Chapter.

If the measured values for radial and lateral runout of the wheel are within the specified values, the tyre has unacceptably high radial or lateral runout. In this case, the tyre must be renewed.

Note

♦ After fitting the tyres there will be fitting lubricant between the tyres and the rim flanges.

♦ You should therefore avoid severe braking and acceleration manoeuvres for the first 100 or 200 km driven. Otherwise, the tyres can turn on the wheel rim. In this case, your work will have been in vain!

Conditions

Before you start balancing the wheels, the following requirements must be met.

● Tyre pressure must be OK.

● Tread must not be worn on one side. Tread depth should be at least 4 mm.

● The tyre must not show any signs of damage, for example cuts, piercing, foreign bodies, etc.

● Wheel suspension and steering, including shock absorbers, must be in perfect condition.

● You must have conducted a road test.

Balancing wheel on stationary wheel balancer

Before you start balancing the wheels, the following requirements must be met.

● Tyre pressure must be OK.

● Tread must not be worn on one side. Tread depth should be at least 4 mm.

● The tyre must not show any signs of damage, for example cuts, piercing, foreign bodies, etc.

● Wheel suspension and steering, including shock absorbers, must be in perfect condition.

● Road test has been carried out → Chapter.

Note

♦ If bonded wheel trims are fitted, treat them with great care. The surface is susceptible to scratches.

♦ If the wheel trim is damaged, renew wheel rim.

♦ Use only the model-specific clamping plate -VAS 6652- and thrust pin -VAS 6652/1-.

Clamp wheel into wheel balancing machine

Dirt and rust in the area of the contact surfaces and centre of the wheel distort the result.

– Clean contact surface, centring element and inside of wheel using e.g. pneumatic brush grinding set -VAS 6446- → ServiceNet; Workshop Equipment, Catalogue before clamping wheel on wheel balancing machine.

Note

It is essential that the correct tools for centring and clamping the wheels are used on the wheel balancing system. Before starting any work, find out about the respective centring system for wheel balancing machines → ServiceNet; Workshop Equipment, Catalogue.

– Attach the wheel (together with tyre) to the wheel balancing machine.

Note

♦ To clamp the wheel in place, use centring system -VAS 6685-, for example.

♦ This ensures that the wheel is 100% centred and that the wheel will be clamped without damage!

♦ The wheel cannot be centralised 100% with conical clamping elements on the wheel balancing machine.

♦ A deviation of 0.1 mm from the centre results in an imbalance of 10 g at the wheel/rim.

Procedure for balancing wheels and tyres

– Allow the wheel (together with tyre) to rotate on the wheel balancing machine.

– Check that the indicator lines on the sidewalls of the tyre near the wheel rim flange run evenly.

– Check tyre profile with wheel/tyre rotating.

Note

If one-sided wear, flat spots from braking or severe cupping wear are apparent, balancing cannot achieve smooth running. In this case, the tyre must be renewed.

– Check true running of wheel/tyre. If the wheel and tyre do not run true although there are no flat spots, radial or lateral runout may be the cause.

– Check the wheel for radial or lateral run-out → Chapter.

– If radial and lateral runout are within the specified tolerance, balance the wheel and tyre.

Note

♦ On vehicles without a tyre pressure monitoring sensor, do not use more than 60 grams of weights per rim flange.

♦ On vehicles with a tyre pressure monitoring sensor, do not use more than 90 grams of weights per rim flange.

♦ If more weight is required, you may be able to achieve smoother running by "matching" the tyre and rim. Matching tyres → Chapter.

♦ As an alternative to match mounting, you could use the vibration control system -VAS 6230 A- → Chapter.

– Bolt wheel onto vehicle.

NOTICE

Risk of fatal damage to ceramic brakes during wheel removal/installation.

– When removing/installing the wheel, fit the long assembly pin into the upper (12 o'clock) position instead of the wheel bolt, and fit the short assembly pin into the wheel bolt mountings for additional support.

– Tighten lowest wheel bolt by hand to about 30 Nm.

– Tighten remaining wheel bolts diagonally to about 30 Nm. This process centres the wheel on the hub.

– Lower vehicle onto its wheels.

– Use the torque wrench to firmly tighten the wheel bolts diagonally to the prescribed torque.

– Carry out road test.

If you detect vibration during the road test, it may be due to wheel centring tolerances.

In unfavourable circumstances, the component tolerances of wheels and hubs could cumulate. This too can lead to vibration. This can be alleviated using a finish balancer. → Chapter

Balancing wheel with finish balancer

Before you start balancing the wheels, the following requirements must be met.

● Tyre pressure must be OK.

● Tread must not be worn on one side. Tread depth should be at least 4 mm.

● The tyre must not show any signs of damage, for example cuts, piercing, foreign bodies, etc.

● Wheel suspension and steering, including shock absorbers, must be in perfect condition.

● Road test has been carried out → Chapter.

Note

♦ If bonded wheel trims are fitted, treat them with great care. The surface is susceptible to scratches.

♦ If the wheel trim is damaged, renew wheel rim.

♦ Use only the model-specific clamping plate -VAS 6652- and thrust pin -VAS 6652/1-.

Note

♦ Before working with a finish balancer, the mechanic needs to have been instructed by the manufacturer of the balancer.

♦ To balance the wheels, set the wheels of the driven axle on the sensor platforms. On front-wheel drive models, front wheels must be set. On four-wheel drive models, all 4 wheels must be set.

If a residual imbalance of greater than 20 grams is determined when balancing the wheels, rotate the mounting position of the wheel on the hub.

– Mark the point at which the imbalance is indicated.

– Then, unbolt the wheel and rotate its position on the hub so that the marking points downwards.

Note

The hub must not rotate during this procedure.

– First, hand-tighten the lowest wheel bolt to about 30 Nm.

– Then, tighten the remaining wheel bolts diagonally to about 30 Nm. This process ensures that the wheel is centred properly on the hub.

– Check whether the imbalance is less than 20 g using the finish balancer.

Note

The imbalance should always be less than 20 grams before you change the balance weight.

– Loosen the wheel bolts again if necessary.

– Rotate wheel again by 1 or 2 wheel bolt holes in relation to wheel hub.

– Tighten wheels using the method described above.

Note

Do not try to reduce the imbalance using balancing weights unless the imbalance is less than 20 grams.

– Balance wheels if imbalance is less than 5 grams.

– Tighten wheel bolts to specified torque if you have not already done so.

Always tighten wheel bolts to specified tightening torque using a torque wrench!

Checking radial and lateral runout on wheel rim

– Attach rim to wheel balancing machine.

– Use the centring system -VAS 6685-1).

– Preload tyre gauge approx. 2 mm.

– Turn rim slowly.

– Make a note of the smallest and largest deflection of the indicator needle.

S - Lateral runout

H - Radial runout

– Compare the measured values with the specifications in the table → Anchor.

1) Different tools must be used depending on the centre hole diameter of the rim hole.

Note

Extreme values on the tyre gauge due to small irregularities may be disregarded.

Specifications for radial and lateral runout on wheelWheel rimRadial runout (mm)Lateral runout (mm)Steel wheel0.50.5Alloy wheel0.50.8

Note

If the measured value exceeds the specification, acceptably smooth running cannot be attained.

Tyre sealant disposal

♦ Tyre sealant or residue must not be mixed or disposed of with other fluids.

♦ Excess tyre sealant must be collected and stored in a plastic container. The plastic container can be disposed of through the disposal system along with the breakdown set (when the expiry date is exceeded)

♦ The items can be returned or disposed of through the existing workshop disposal system.

♦ Contact the service provider or the waste disposal officer of the sales centre or importer.